Rules on Passage Narration

†hgb:

a. ‘By Allah,’ he replied, ‘I will not leave this house.’

Answer: Swearing by Allah he replied that he would not leave that house.

b. ÒBy God,Ó she replied, ÒI will not go to London.Ó

Answer: Swearing by God she replied that she would not go to London.

Rule-8: Present participle ev adjunct AcwiewZ©Z Ae¯’vq ïiæ‡Z e‡m| †hgb:

a. ‘Are you brothers?’ asked the mistress of the house, turning to the dervishes.

Answer: Turning to the dervishes the mistress of the house asked if they were brothers.

b. ‘Why have you not learnt your lessons?’ the teacher asked the students without commenting no other thing.

Answer: without commenting no other thing the teacher asked the students why they have not learnt their lessons.

9.thanks w`‡j said Gi ¯’v‡b thanked nq

a. Rahim said, " thanks sir& quot;

answer: Rahim thanked respectfully.

Special Use of Some Words And Phrase

(Be) born/Was born

be verb ej‡Z am, is, are, was, were- ‡K ‡evSvq|

1. be + born A_© Rb¥MªnY Kiv|

2. Special Use wn‡m‡e bear- Gi past participle born;e¨eüZ nq|

3. Rb¥MªnY Kiv A‡_© bear verb- wU me©`v Passive form- G past participle wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq|

1 . ¯’v‡b ev mv‡j ev Zvwi‡L Rb¥MªnY Kiv ‡evSv‡Z

Example:

(i) He was born in Dubai.

(ii) Alif was born in 1920.

2. kvixwiK weKjv½ Ae¯’vq Rb¥MªnY Kiv ‡evSv‡Z born Gi c‡i adjective nq|

Example

(i) He was born blind.

(ii) The boy was born deaf.

3. we‡kl D‡Ï‡k¨ Rb¥MªnY Ki‡j born Gi c‡i infinitive (to+verb) nq|

Example:

(i) He was born to be a leader.

(ii) Shakespeare was born to be a famous dramatist.

Note: Rb¥¯’vb ‡evSv‡Z from Dhaka n‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ I am born in Dhaka ejv hv‡e bv|

Have to /Has to/Had to

wb‡Pi situation-G Have to /Has to/Had to e¨envi Ki‡Z nq|

1. †h‡Z n‡e, ‡L‡Z n‡e , co‡Z n‡e , cvb Ki‡Z n‡e BZ¨vw` cªKvk Kivi Rb¨ |

2. †Kv‡bv KvR Kivi cª‡qvRbxqZv ‡evSv‡Z e¨eüZ nq|

3. Dc‡`k cª`vb Kivi ‡¶‡Î |

4. have to/has to- Gi past form wn‡m‡e had to e¨en~Z nq Ges Future time- Gi ‡¶‡Î have to/has to wKsev shall have to / will have to e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K|

4. have/has + to- Gi cwie‡Z© have/has + got + to- I e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i|

Example:

(i) We have to defend our mother. (Obligation)

(ii) We have to produce more food. (Necessity)

(iii ) At last , I had to memories the composition. (Past)

G RvZxq Sentence- ‡K Negative I Interrogative Kivi mgq Tense I Subject- Gi Number I Person Abyhvqx do/does /did e¨eüZ nq|

Structures:

Negative :

Sub + doesn’t/don’t/didn’t/have + to + verb Complement.

Interrogative : Do/Does /Did + sub + have to + verb + Complement ?

Example:

Negative: You don’t have to go there.

Interrogative: Do you have to go there?

What does... look like/what’s it like/what’s... like

? What does ...... look like/ What’s it like phrase `ywUi A_© †Kgb /†`L‡Z ‡Kgb ?

What- Gi ci look like , feel like e¨eüZ n‡j auxiliary verb wn‡m‡e do/does

wb‡Pi situation-G What does ...... look like/ What’s it like e¨envi Ki‡Z nq|

1. †Kv‡bv e¨w³i ‡Pnvivi weeiY w`‡Z |

Structure: What + do / does + subject + look like +—-?

(i) What does a dragon look like?

2. †Kv‡bv e¯‘i AvK…wZ ev KvVv‡gvi weeiY w`‡Z Structure: What + do

/ does + subject + look like +——?

(i) What does the car look like?

(ii) What does the mobile look like?

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